Sherpa Cultural Dress - Thamichhowa Youth Group

Sherpa Cultural Dress

Our culture is our identity. You may wonder what culture includes? It includes religion, language, cultural dress, traditions, living style and beliefs. From the above given topic we can easily understand that, this about Sherpa cultural dress. Its meaning, importance, value and ways to preserve the rare Sherpa culture through Sherpa cultural dress.

World recognizes Sherpa people as the people who guide and help tourists to successfully climb a mountain and reach the peaks. Although they are one of the ethnic groups of Nepal who live in Himalayan region. Sherpa are the ethnic group living on the lap of Himalayas at the east-northern side of Nepal. Mainly the Himalayan region i.e. Khumbu is well known not only for nature but also for cultural aspects. The cultural diversity attracts many tourists to visit our country Nepal as well as the Khumbu region due to the presence of the highest Mt. Everest, other mountain ranges and the culture and tradition of Sherpa people which reflects their positivity towards preserving their Sherpa culture.

Cultural dress also attracts tourists to visit the rural areas like Khumbu. Here talking about the Sherpa people’s way of dressing and their dressing sense, they wear their cultural dress most of the time including ceremonies and festivals.

Cultural dress is the dress worn by a typical ethnic group to preserve their culture forever and to represent their culture and duty for the preservation of their own Sherpa culture and tradition. As we all know, Himalayan region is cold because of the cold. People living in this region mostly wear thick warm and long-sleeved clothes.

According to Khenpo Thekchok (a Buddhist Dharma Guru) the cultural dress of Tibetan and Sherpa are very similar to each other. It is because many years ago due to lack of food and water, a group of people migrated from ‘Mingyak of Tibet’ to ‘Khumbu’ of Nepal. The group of people known as ‘Kham Mingyak’ is a group of big joint families where all family members live in one house. When they reach Nepal, they build a big house consisting of three windows, two doors and a stone roof and live in it. As the child grows up, they leave their house and begin to live a new married life. They migrated to low lands of Solu, and the population increased Solukhumbu is located on the eastern part of Nepal where most of the Sherpa community live. In Sherpa language, ‘Sher’ means ‘east’ and ‘pa’ means ‘the group of people or society who live in the eastern part of Nepal’ that’s why they are called Sherpa. As their origin begins in Mingyak they look a bit similar to Tibetan however they have their own culture now.

Most Sherpa people wear their cultural dresses in festive occasions and ceremonies. Men and women have their own kind of dresses that are a bit different from each other’s. The Sherpa cultural dress of man is called ‘Chhowae’ and women’s cultural dress is called ‘Aengi’. Although it is just a typical name to address, pronounce and understand the dress, there are different names and values for different cultural dresses of Sherpa people.

Here is the table of categories of man and woman Sherpa cultural dress:

S.N	Men’s Sherpa Cultural Dress	Women’s Sherpa Cultural Dress
1.	Shamung Chhiring Kingkhap/ Sersing Bokta / Shamung Thengsha	Shamung Chhiring Kingkhap/ Samung Moshya
2.	Bure Raatuk/ Tetung	Raatuk
3.	Khenjyar	Aengi
4.	Chhuwae	Matil/ Gyawae
5.	Kara	Kara
6.	Bure Arti	Chhipkae
7.	Kacha/ Kosal	Kaetik
8.	Sumduk	Fangdik
9.	Surtuk	Shyangsi
10.	Alung	Shi, Yu, Chhuruk, Posil, Sumduk, Serki-Khawo, Tangu

The description of man and woman Sherpa cultural dresses given below:

1. Men/Male Sherpa Cultural Dress:–

A) Chhuwae: Chhuwae is a man Sherpa cultural dress whose design is the same as an overcoat but it is collarless and pocket-less. It is plain black or maroon in color but nowadays it is available in different colors.

There are different types of Chhuwae which is are described below:

• Nambu Chhowae: The Chhuwae made from wool of sheep and yak by making small as well as strong thread from wool and sewing it is known as ‘Nambu Chhuwae’. It is ponderous but it is also warm. Mostly Nambu Chhuwae is black or maroon in color. It is made from pure wool of yak and sheep which is considered good quality clothes. It is very raree nowadays and only found in rural Tibet. Elderly people insist youngsters wear Nambu Chhuwae to preserve their culture. Only few Sherpa people have this kind of Chhuwae. It is considered the best and good quality Chhuwae which can be only found and bought in rural Tibet but it is expensive and rare.

• Unam Chhuwae: The Chhuwae made from 100% wool (only plant wool) is called Unam Chhuwae. It looks exactly like Nambu Chhuwae but it is lighter in weight and available in grey, ash, white, black and maroon color. The borderline is different in some Unam Chhuwae. It is considered good quality clothes. The Sherpa people who don’t have Nambu Chhowae, wear this kind of Unam Chhuwae in festive occasions and ceremonies.

• Khochen Chhuwae: The good quality fabric type of clothes called Khochen. Khochen clothe is fire proof cloth. If it is put in fire or if fire catches Khochen it doesn’t burn therefore it is considered good and best quality clothes. The Chhuwae made from pure Khochen is found and available easily in Tibetan cloth market near Boudha area. Nowadays, Sherpa people has begun to wear Chhuwae made from nylon, fabric and khochen. They began to wear readymade Chhuwae because it is easy to carry, comfortable to wear and less costly to buy as compare to Nambu and Unam Chhuwae. Khochen Chhuwae is available in different colors like blue, red, green, black, brown, purple, maroon, chocolate etc. It is also available in different sizes and it is the modern version of chhuwae. Children, kids, adult and youth mostly wear Khochen Chhuwae. It is worn in festivals, marriages, occasions, ceremonies etc.

• Khochen Chhuwae: The good quality fabric type of clothes called Khochen. Khochen clothe is fire proof cloth. If it is put in fire or if fire catches Khochen it doesn’t burn therefore it is considered good and best quality clothes. The Chhuwae made from pure Khochen is found and available easily in Tibetan cloth market near Boudha area. Nowadays, Sherpa people has begun to wear Chhuwae made from nylon, fabric and khochen. They began to wear readymade Chhuwae because it is easy to carry, comfortable to wear and less costly to buy as compare to Nambu and Unam Chhuwae. Khochen Chhuwae is available in different colors like blue, red, green, black, brown, purple, maroon, chocolate etc. It is also available in different sizes and it is the modern version of chhuwae. Children, kids, adult and youth mostly wear Khochen Chhuwae. It is wear in festive, marriage, occasions, ceremonies etc.

b) Tetung/ Bure Raatuk:- In Sherpa language ‘Bure’ means ‘Silk fiber cloth’ in which ‘Bu’ means ‘Silkworm’ and ‘Re’ means threads. Hence, the clothes made from silk threads are called ‘Bure Raatuk’. It is also known as ‘Tetung’ which means the bodice part of Chhuwae, which is thin and collarless. ‘Bure Raatuk’ is mostly white in color with golden, red, green, blue and yellow collar borderline. Tetung made from 100% silk thread are mostly white in color. It contains a button. Sometimes Sherpa people wear only Tetung, Khechar and Shamung Chhiring Kingkyap in short ceremonies of Sherpa culture like household puja, Kangsur, nagapuja etc.

c) Khenjyar: The half coat designed cloth made from wool of sheep or yak which is worn on Bure Raatuk is called Khenjyar. It is like half Bure Raatuk but it is a little bit thicker and pocket-less. Just like Tetung, it also contains buttons and the collar borderline is different color. Nambu Khenjyar is considered good quality cloth and it is the old version mostly worn by youths, old people and young men. Khochen Khenjyar is a new version of Khenjyar. It is available in different colors and designs. It can be bought around the Tibetan cloth store in the Boudha area. But Nambu Khenjyar is rare and even if it is available, it is more expensive than Khochen Khenjyar. Nambu Khenjyar is mostly black and maroon in color. It is plain without any design. Only some Khenjyar are different in color at the collar borderline.

d) Kara: Kara means belt in Sherpa language but it is made of nylon or fabric clothes. Sherpa people used to call it as ‘Thujay’ Kara and ‘Khare’ Kara which means belt made from nylon and fabric thread. It is use as belt to hold, shape and tighten Chhuwae. The accurate format of Chhuwae cannot be mend without Kara. So it is important. The format backside Chhuwae is known as ‘chhyul’ in Sherpa language. Chhyul means the format of Chhuwae at buttom part , it is the folded part in vertical pattern . There are two sides left and right. Right is folded two and left is folded three times, however nowadays readymade chhuwae with attached belt are available in different Tibetan clothe store along with Kara. Chhuwae is a type of hemline clothing.

e) Bure Arti: As we know ‘Bure’ means silk thread and ‘Arti’ means the mantilla that covers left shoulder. It is made from 100% pure silk thread. According to ‘Khenpo Thekchok’ (Buddhist Dharma Guru) “during ancient period ‘Arti’ was only worn by some generation of head lama known as ‘ Gyupi Lama’. It is crimson and maroon color at borderline and grey creamy color in middle part. But nowadays Sherpa men’s used to wear it on a programs, occasions and Dharma programs from Head Lama. It is also worn by ‘ Chhorimba’ (the person who control the activities of monastery in Sherpa festive like Dumjee and Chhochen. And also helps monk give duties and permissions to other. He is consider as a leader in the festive). It is available in Tibetan clothes store. It should only cover left shoulder and should be slightly slanted and only cover the bodice part.

f) Shamung: In Sherpa language, ‘Shamung’ means hat. There are different hat worn by Sherpa as their cultural dress and they are described below.

• Chhiring Kingkhap: In Sherpa language, Chhiring means ‘good or long lasting’ where as Kingkhap means the good quality cloth and the cloth made from Khhochen. And it is decorated with lotus flower design so it is called Chhiring Kingkhap. The old Chhiring Kingkhap is a little blackish type in color. It is made from khochen and the side cover is made from fox skin. It is worn by both Sherpa men and women but the size of man’s hat is bigger than woman’s hat. The shape and size of man and woman Chhiring Kingkhap is different from each other. The modernized Chhiring Kingkhap is a bit bigger in size than the older one. The color is golden yellowish and it is worn in programs, ceremonies and occasions.

• Sershing Bokta: It is a golden yellow hat which is made from the wool of sheep and yak, then the wool is boiled and the herb found in the hill is mixed to a more golden yellowish color. The color is also extract from the herb and mixed up with the wool and let it dry and the shape of hat is meld as design. In Sherpa language, Shersing means golden type and Bokta means bake as cake that’s why it is called Shersing Bokta a golden yellowish hat. It is rarely found nowadays. Only some Sherpa people have it as their ancestor sign and thing. It is available in some Tibetan market of Boudhha area.

• Shamung Thengsha: It is a cowboy hat shaped design hat. It is made of fabric and silk cloth. Nowadays some Sherpa people wear it. In Sherpa language, ‘Theng’ means open or like open and ‘Sha’ means hat. It is now rarely available.

g) Kaacha: Kaacha means shoe of Sherpa cultural dress set. It is worn by both men and women. It is very rare nowadays. Only some Sherpa have it. It is made from pure skin of buffaloes known as ‘ Mahae’ in Tibetan language. They use woods, dry grass found in higher hills (Phurcha) and the out shell of buckwheat ( thou Romang) to meld the skin into perfect shoe shape. At the top of Kaacha, a “V’ shaped design is made which is red or green in color. It is a knee high designed shoe. In the past it was used to wear everywhere and every time to prevent catching cold but nowadays it can only be seen in festivals, programs and in rural Tibet.

Kotul/Kosil: Kotul or Kosil are the updated version of Kaacha. It takes more hardwork, time, skills and It is difficult to make. Kotul are made up of Nambu at the knee high part and the sole outer is made of buffalo skin which seems very hard when we touch it. To make it strong small thump pin size pins are drilled in the sole. Mostly it is a tip red triangular design at the toes side and then green, blue and black layers at the knuckles part. Nowadays only few Sherpa people have it and wear it on occasions, programs and festivals. It is only found in some Sherpa houses and in the Tibetan market but it is costly in price and rarely found. Nowdays, on Chhuwae Sherpa people wear dingo shoes made of leather as a dress.

h) Sherpa Male Ornaments: Along with the Sherpa cultural dress Sherpa male use to wear some ornaments which gives more attractiveness to cultural dress and it suits them and on the cultural dress as well. Some of them are described below:

i) Sumduk: In Sherpa language ‘Sum’ means ‘three’ and ‘duk’ means ‘to wear/ combination’. Therefore, Sumduk means the combination of three pieces of jewelry. There are three jewelry in black color and

sides two red jewellery are called ‘Chhuruk’ which are spherical in shape and bit flat at top and bottom. In Sherpa community there is a belief that if someone wear Sumduk then it is considered a lucky charm. therefore the combined form of ‘Ji’ and ” ‘Chhuruk’ is called “Sumduk”. It is worn in festive, cultural program, traditional occasions, ceremonies etc. Elder people says that wearing ” Sumduk” helps to maintain our charm adds attraction of our cultural dress. Because of these benefits Sumduk is considered one of the valuable jewels/ ornaments in the Sherpa community.

ii) Surtuk : Surtuk means ‘Ring’ in Sherpa language. It seems normal to wear ‘Surtuk’ but in the Sherpa community most Sherpas wear Surtuk during special occasions, nly due to excessive household work. Most Sherpa tend to wear ornaments like rings, only in festive ceremonies etc. Most men wear ‘Surtuk’ made of gold and in which a small piece of ‘Ji’ is placed on the top to create design. Most of ‘Ji’ are red in color. It shows leadership and gives aesthetic vibes. Therefore it is one of the common male ornaments in the Sherpa community. Some Sherpa men tend to wear bracelets, chains and earring in their left ear only as ornaments and jewels. Some also wear small pieces of blue toned stone known as ‘Yu’ to present and show their charm as well. All the explained things are about male Sherpa cultural dress and jewels.

Now we are going forward to know basic knowledge and information about woman/female Sherpa cultural dress. We are starting it from head wear which are given below:

2. Women/Female Sherpa Cultural Dress:–

a) Shamung– Headwear of female Sherpa cultural dress:

Shamung Moshya :- In Sherpa language ‘Mo’ means woman/female and ‘Shya’ means a small hat made from Nambu, worn by female Sherpa. It is black in color and is decorated with a dark blue borderline. Moshya is a small hat that’s why it only covers an adult’s palm size area of our scalp. To prevent it from falling a golden clip (serki ping) or normal clip is worn with moshya as a support and to maintain its shape and size formation. It is like cuboid shape into triangular shape and a clip is used to attach the hat along with women’s hair. It helps to keep the charm of female Sherpas and Shamung Moshya adds extra beauty and attraction to women ‘s Sherpa cultural dress. Most upper Khumbu people who live in the east-northern part of Solukhumbu wear it.

Chhiring Kingkhap : We have already explained about Chhiring Kingkhap in Sherpa men’s cultural dress so, here is just a few details about it. Both Sherpa men and women wears it but the shape and sizes are different. Women’s Chhiring Kingkhap is smaller in size compare to men’s Chhiring Kingkhap. It also has four sides made up of fox skin and the area which covers the scalp are made of normal fox skin and clothes by drying them up in extreme heat. So, normally Sherpa people do not drench their Chhiring Kingkhap hat and they keep it safe from rain by covering it with plastic or wearing plastic along with the hat. As Sherpa’s ancestors came from Tibet long time ago, all the Sherpa dress are mostly import from Tibet and most over there. The female ancestor were little bit smaller in size but as the time passes by the modern the size of it is bigger and sides are wider. It is especially worn in Sherpa festivals like Manirimdu, Dumjee, Chhojin, Lhosar, ceremonies, programs etc. Some Sherpa wear “Paltuk” (headbead) as headwear.

piece which is folded less than half and wrapped around the waist , keep it long till thigh and wrap it up with ‘Kara’ belt in Sherpa language. It is made of Nambu and it is a very rare cloth. Nowadays it is only worn in weddings and special occasions. It is worn on Aangi and matil. It is also called gyaptil (back wear).

b) Aangi :

Aangi is a conserve specular wear of Sherpa women, which is like a night gown with thickest stripes and is wrapped around belly waist part to get it shape. It shape at hemline part should be properly arrange to create the format of that side known as ‘Chhyul’. It is a sleeve less variation worn over a blouse called ‘Ratuk’ in Sherpa language. In other places it is also known as Chhuba. ‘Chhyul’ is a triangular ‘V’ shaped variation made while wearing Aangi to show it’s feminine sides. Male and female ‘Chhyul’ of Chhuwye and Aangi differs from each other shapes and format.

There are different types of Aangi and they are described below:

• Nambu Aangi :- It is ponderous and warm made from sheep wool to prevent oneself from cold it is worn. It is the older version of female Sherpa cultural dress which is very heavy and thick. But nowadays many youngster wears Aaangi made from thin fabric and nylon clothes. Nambuk Aangi is thick wool cloth worn by female ancestor, nowadays it is very rare and expensive. It can be only found in rural Tibet area. Nowadays home spun wool and silk are being replaced by factory made material because it is easier to carry and wear and found in reasonable prices.

• Khhochen Aangi: It is made from good as Khhochen which is fire proof. Aangi made from pure Khhochen are found and available easily in Tibetan cloth market around Bouddha area. So, most people (women) nowadays began to wear it because it is found in reasonable prices, easy to carry and comfortable to wear. Most of the Sherpa female began to wear readymade Aangi set.

• Aangi : It is a sleeveless long coat variation cloth of Sherpa women worn as outer. It is made from Nambu and Khhochen. It is mostly maroon in colour with blue and golden borderline decorated with three sides flower or normal stripes design. Khhochen clothes designed with various decors are attached on shoulder part to make it more attractive. To attach it with sleeves Raatuk (Bure raatuk) is worn. Mostly it is worn by Sherpa women in opening ceremonies, marriage, welcome ceremony to carry Serkim ( a local Tibetan drink of rice), Chhendu (raw rice) in plate known as Lemi dermang. It is also worn while holding chhendu in welcoming Head Lama and Rimpoche as a good luck wishing and to wish a good day known as Temdil in Sherpa language or tradition generally.

c) Raatuk:

Long blouse thin clothes of Sherpa women worn over Aangi is called Raatuk. It is just like a waist shirt with no button. It is made from different wool like Bure, fabric, thin silk etc. It is also called ‘Honcho’ in Tibetan.

Different types of Raatuk are described below:

• Bhuray/Bure Raatuk: ‘Bu’ means insect and ‘Re’ means fabric, Bure is a Sherpa / Bhuray is a Tibetan word. It is a ladies raatuk made from material of silk worm. Bure has only white natural colour. Other colours are formed from dying colours and which will shade out too. We can change and wear different colours raatuk to match with Aangi or matil.

• Silk Raatuk: It is a common raatuk worn by every Sherpa women which is very silky, comfortable, thin to wear and designed with beautiful shapes and decors. Most youngster use this raatuk nowadays.

d) Matil/Metil:

Matil is a front wear of Sherpa women designed as a waist apron. It is a colorful striped aprons worn infront of Aangi. In Sherpa language ‘Ma’ means lower ‘Till’ means to wear. It is known as Dongtill also which means front wear. There is a strap used tie around with it called ‘limdok’ made from cotton or khhochen. It is called ‘pangten’ in Tibetan language, which is ‘Pang’ means reserved and ‘ten’ means show. So, the women who wears it shows that she is married or reserved by a man. It is a symbol of married women among Sherpa women of Nepal, Tibetan and the Himalayan people of Nepal. But it is also worn by unmarried women nowadays.

Different types of Matil are:

• Unay Matil: It is matil 100% made of plant wool/ fabric known as ‘Un’ in Nepal.

• Nambu Matil: It is made of Sheep wool also know as ‘Bhoepeng’ in Tibetan in which ‘Bhoe’ means Tibet and ‘Peng’ means the wooler clothe which cover the lap. It is made in Tibet or Tibetan women in Nepal as well.

e) Gewe/Gyewae:

It is the back wear of Sherpa women to keep their back waist warm in winter. Sherpa ancestor use it to wear to prevent from catching cold and make their back warm. It is a rectangular stripped thick wooler cloth piece which is fold less than half and wrap around waist keep it long till thigh and wrap it up with ‘Kara’ belt in Sherpa language. It is made of Nambu and it is very rare cloth. Nowadays it is only worn in wedding and special occasions. It is worn on Aangi and matil. It is also called gyaptil (back wear).

f) Chhipkay:

It is also a back wear of Sherpa women worn in special occasions, by folding it in triangular shape. It is less thicker than Gewe and worn back on Gewe which are held together by an embossed silver buckle called ‘Kyetig/Ketik’. It is a striped rectangular Sherpa women’s cloth. It is worn by making a triangular shape and folding in the base to inches and covering the back waist.

g) Kara:

A belt shaped cloth made of fabric, unay or khhoche is called Kara. In Sherpa language, Kara means belt which is used to hold Gewe and tie around gewe to make a hold and support gewe from falling. Women take out the end of the kara in the left and men take out the end in the right side which looks fabulous and attractive.

h) Shyangsil/ Shyangsi :

Shyangsil is a Sherpa women’s footwear made from pure buffalo skin known as ‘Ma hoe’ in Tibetan. To mold it’s shape to shoes Phurcha, buckwheat (thouromang) grass is used. It is very rare and found in rural Tibet and with Sherpa people. Sherpa female ancestor used to wear it when shoes were not invented. They used to make it by themselves and wear it to prevent them from getting cold and make easier to walk on snow. It is only worn by women and it is dyed red ‘V’ shaped in toe part and green in left part. It is an authentic Sherpa footwear. Nowadays most women wear knuckle boots and heels on Aangi. Sherpa clothing and traditional wears resembles Tibetan clothing because Sherpa ancestor were from Tibet, most clothes are similar but only the way they say the name is quite different from each other.

Sherpa Women Ornaments:

As we know Jewellery has the power to be the one thing that can make you feel unique, It adds glow to your appearance. Sherpa women wears different types of Jewels made from Dzi, Shyi, Chhuruk, Yuu, Posil etc. which are given below:

1.Khau/Gahu:

It is a main front ornament worn around the neck to chest made up of gold, pearls and precious stones (Dzi) khau. It is like a gold chain, designed with a big six point star shaped locket. It is a bit heavy to wear, so mostly Sherpa women wear it on special occasions only.

2. Shyi/Dzi/Chhuruk:

The combination of red big beads and black cylindrical beads with one eye is called Shyi Chhuruk. It is worn by Sherpa women to keep their charm and beauty. It is very costly and heavy as well. So, it is worn in special occasions like marriage, wedding ceremonies, and festivals only.

3. Ketik/ Kyetig:

It is an embossed silver buckle to hold Chhipkey and Gewe together. It is in rectangular shape or oral shape with a bended little spikey side to stick the buckle in Gewe and Chhipkey. The spikey side shapes are just a little bit bigger than the pin. It is designed with a snow lion called ‘Sangi’ or a yin or yang shaped fish. A small piece of yuu is attached in the middle top part and a circle is hung just at the end of the middle buckle. It is found in a Tibetan store. It is also called ‘Bangtik’ in Tibetan which means waist buckle or fangdik as well.

waist buckle or fangdik as well.

4. mendok Kogde/ Kogde:

A pair of earrings made of gold with flower shape is called ‘mendok Kogde’ In Sherpa language, Mendok means flower. It is only worn on special occasions. Kogde means pin or hook to attach. Its pin is attached with ‘Shamung Moshya’ and while looking from afar it looks like a head horn shape. It is a big earring shaped like a circular flora/flower and its stem. It is also very rare to find, only few Sherpa women have it.

5. Surtuk/ Surtup:

It is a ring worn by both male and female in festive occasions and ceremonies. In Sherpa language ‘Surtuk’ means ring, Thy wearing made of pure gold in two or three fingers as a charm.

6. Serki Ping:

It is a small oval shaped hair pin made of pure gold with yin yang fish design or a snow lion or flower design. In Sherpa language ‘Serki’ means made of gold and ‘Ping’ means pin or hairclip. It is a hairclip made of gold. Sherpa women make their hair in one loose braid to make the hair style attractive. They wear ‘Serki Ping’ at the end of the scalp from where the braided hair began and at the side there is a thin thread to tie around the hair to support it from falling. It adds a glow to women ‘s beauty.

Others:

Sherpa women also wear bracelets made of gold and a yin yang shape designed locket with a black pearl in the middle, which is also called a mini version of Serki Khau. They also wear a long necklace made of pearl and yuu called ‘On Tak’.

Tangu:

It is the three separated silk threads breaded along with hair and tied with rubber at the end. It is the plait braided thread known as ‘Lachi’ in Nepali. Most older women like to wear Tangu of dark colour like dark blue and purple, green, red and black etc. and most youngsters and adults like to wear colorful thread braids like pink, blue, green, olive, yellow, orange etc. It balanced the ends of the hair and made the women look gorgeous.

Some Sherpa wear a typically designed thread braid also. This all is about Sherpa cultural clothing and traditional wears along with ornaments.

Article by : Mingma Doma Sherpa, Khumbu PasangLhamu Rural Municipality-05, Theso